Addiction in Older Adults

Substance use among older adults is a growing public health concern, often overlooked due to age-related stigma and misdiagnosis. As more seniors face challenges like chronic pain, isolation and polypharmacy, understanding the signs of addiction in older adults becomes critical. 

This article explores the causes, symptoms and treatment options for substance use disorder in aging populations, offering guidance for families seeking compassionate support—or caregivers and clinicians who want to provide the utmost levels of care.

Why Addiction Is Increasing Among Older Adults

Addiction is a major problem in the 55-plus age bracket for several reasons:

• The growing number of addicted older adults is due partly to the fact that there is a growing number of older adults. Every day for the next two decades, 10,000 baby boomers will turn 65.
• Many of these boomers grew up experimenting with drugs, so it's possible that, as they move into retirement and face the stresses inherent in this new phase of life, some will cope by using alcohol and other drugs.
• This generation is highly self-reliant. When facing the physical pains of aging, rather than ask for help, people may turn to prescription drugs, many of which have a high potential for misuse and dependence.
• As people age they may have more free time and possible isolation. Older adults can progress in their addiction without witnesses who might otherwise voice concerns (such as bosses or local family members).
• Older adults can become forgetful. At times they may forget they have taken their pills and then take them again or mix them with alcohol, which can lead to what we call "accidental addicts.” Without intending to abuse their chemicals, older adults may suddenly realize that they have crossed the line.

Worried about someone? Here's some guidance for recognizing a loved one's addiction.

Polypharmacy and Addiction in Older Adults

Polypharmacy—the use of multiple medications—is common among older adults but can complicate substance use disorder diagnoses and increase the risk of addiction. Age-related changes in metabolism heighten sensitivity to drug interactions, especially when prescriptions are combined with alcohol or opioids. Symptoms of misuse often mimic cognitive decline, making early detection difficult. Treatment plans for seniors should include deprescribing strategies, integrated care and medication reviews to address both prescription-related risks and substance misuse.

Other Unique Addiction Challenges Faced by Aging Adults

Adults ages 55-75, who came of age during the Vietnam War era, may have experimented with drugs when younger and may more easily go back to drugs as they age and have fewer responsibilities. Older adults ages 75 and above are of a generation that associates huge moral implications and shame with addiction, and they may hide their addiction.

Common Stressors That Trigger Substance Use in Seniors

In 63 percent of older adult addiction cases, depression and anxiety play a leading role. In about 30 percent of cases, financial worries are a contributing factor. Emotional and physical pain can also be a precipitating factor. Transitions to retirement are tough. High-performing, active people suddenly find themselves without a sense of purpose. Their children are independent. Their physical abilities start to lessen. Some medicate this pain. More free time and less responsibility can also make people vulnerable to addiction.

Gender Differences in Addiction among Older Adults

Men and women start using alcohol and other drugs for different reasons. Although a generalization, men are more likely to become addicted to alcohol, and women are more likely to become addicted to pills combined with alcohol. Both may be hesitant to seek treatment—men because they often view therapy as a weakness and women because of the stigma and shame around addiction. Women metabolize alcohol and other drugs differently than men and are more affected physiologically. Because of these disparities, men and women benefit from experiencing different approaches to treatment and recovery. It is vital that individuals find a treatment program that addresses gender-specific issues.

How Addiction Treatment Differs for Older vs. Younger Adults

Older adults face distinct challenges in addiction treatment that require a slower, more individualized approach. Here's how care can adapt to fit their needs:

• Longer Detox & Slower Metabolism: Seniors process substances differently, making detox slower and more medically sensitive.
• Life Transitions & Identity Loss: Retirement, grief, and reduced responsibilities can lead to existential questions. Treatment should rebuild purpose and connection.
• Peer Group Relevance: Seniors may feel alienated in mixed-age groups. Age-specific programming fosters trust and shared understanding.
• Medication Complexity & Co-Occurring Conditions: Multiple prescriptions and health issues can mask or complicate addiction. Integrated care and regular medication reviews are essential.
• Pacing & Therapeutic Fit: Older adults may benefit more from mindfulness, reminiscence therapy or gentle movement over high-intensity interventions.

Why Children of Addicted Older Adults Have Difficulty Helping

In many cases, children live at a distance and don't see the problem. They may also unknowingly enable the addiction by believing in myths: "he isn't harming anyone", or "she should be allowed to enjoy her golden years.”

Find clarity, connection and professional guidance in one of our family programs. 

Why Recovery Success Rates Are Higher in Older Adults

Recovery rates tend to be higher in older adults than in younger people because older adults have more positive life experiences to draw upon and tend to be more disciplined about recovery.

Recovery Is Possible at Any Age

Addiction in older adults is often silent, complex and misunderstood—but recovery is absolutely possible. By recognizing age-specific factors and advocating for compassionate care, families and providers can help older loved ones reclaim their health and dignity.